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Behaviorisme

Basisuitgangspunten van het behaviorisme op basis van Watson, Pavlov en Skinner:

1. Behavioristen stellen objectiviteit centraal, ze richten zich uitsluitend op waarneembaar gedrag. Gevoelens, motivatie en dergelijke worden niet bestudeert, daar de opvatting is dat deze niet wetenschappelijk te vast te stellen is.
2. Leerprocessen staan centraal, het gaat niet om het vergaren van kennis, maar om aangeleerd gedrag. Factoren buiten het organisme worden gebruikt om het ontstaan van gedrag te verklaren.
3. Er bestaat evolutionair gezien een continuïteit tussen het gedrag van mensen en dieren.
4. In het klassieke behaviorisme wordt gesteld dat de mens blanco (tabula rasa) te wereld komt en derhalve alle gedrag aangeleerd is maar ook afgeleerd kan worden.
5. Gedrag mag opgeknipt worden in kleine delen (shaping). Complex gedrag moet zo simpel mogelijk verklaard worden (reductie).

Mensbeeld in het behaviorisme

1. Een persoon geeft niet zelf richting aan zijn leven. Het gedrag wordt bepaald door omgevingsinvloeden (pessimistisch).
2. De buitenkant (periferie) is belangrijker dan de binnenkant (centralisme). Gevoelens zijn niet belangrijk, omdat ze niet kunnen worden gemeten. Het gevolg – het gedrag of de buitenkant – is wel duidelijk waar te nemen.

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